#Can ultrasound be wrong about gender Offline#
#Can ultrasound be wrong about gender series#

MethodsД«etween February and July 2009, women attending our ultrasound laboratory for first-trimester screening for aneuploidies were recruited consecutively into the study. In this study we aimed to evaluate a new application of 3D ultrasound in fetal gender assignment between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation and to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of this technique. In addition, multiplanar technology allows simultaneous alignment of the various planes with a high degree of reproducibility.

#Can ultrasound be wrong about gender Offline#

The use of 3D ultrasound allows offline analysis of an acquired volume with virtual manipulation of the images to obtain the desirable views. Prior to the mid-trimester, the accuracy of fetal gender determination by ultrasound may be decreased by biological factors, such as the small size and the incomplete differentiation of the external genitalia, or by technical factors, including the difficulty in obtaining the true mid-sagittal plane or in assessing objectively the direction of the genital tubercle. In these studies, accuracy was lower than that achievable in the second trimester, with only a few authors reporting reliable fetal gender assignment between 11 and 14 weeks 2- 5, 8. At this stage the diagnosis of gender is based upon the orientation of the genital tubercle in the mid-sagittal plane. Sonographic determination of fetal gender in the first trimester has been attempted by some using two-dimensional (2D) 1- 6 or, more recently, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound 7, 8. Mostly, fetal gender is disclosed to prospective parents in order to satisfy their curiosity, but of course such information may be useful for clinical purposes, for example in couples at risk for X-linked diseases or in twin pregnancies of uncertain chorionicity. Mid-trimester sonographic gender assignment is extremely accurate. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.ДЄntenatal determination of fetal gender may be carried out non-invasively on parental request. ConclusionsДЈD ultrasound is a highly accurate and reproducible tool for fetal gender assignment prior to 14 weeks of gestation. There was a high degree of correlation between the two operators ( r 2 = 0.998 coefficient of variation = 5.4%). The best cut-off for male gender determination was found to be between 27В° and 29В° (sensitivity, 100% specificity, 98.0%). The ROC curve revealed the estimated genital angle to have a high degree of accuracy in fetal gender determination (area under the curve В± SE = 1.000 В± 0.001). The genital angle in males was significantly higher than that in females (51.2 В± 11.3В° ( n = 36) vs. There were 85 cases included in the study. To calculate the interobserver variability, a second operator repeated the measurements. Fetal gender was subsequently ascertained in all cases. On the reconstructed mid-sagittal plane, the angle between the genital tubercle and an imaginary line passing tangentially through the fetal back (genital angle) was estimated and a receiverвЂ“operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the best cut-off for genital angle in fetal male gender determination.

An ultrasound volume of each fetus was obtained and stored for offline analysis.

#Can ultrasound be wrong about gender series#

MethodsДЄ series of pregnant women attending at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks for the nuchal translucency (NT) scan were enrolled into the study. To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in fetal gender assignment in the first trimester.